A conventional loan is a type of loan that doesn't have government backing or insurance, unlike FHA, VA, and USDA loans, which are insured by the government. Conventional mortgage loans, whether conforming or non-conforming, usually require a slightly larger down payment than some government loans. However, conventional loans offer more flexibility and fewer restrictions for borrowers, especially those borrowers with good credit and steady income.

Your credit payment history is recorded in a file or report. These files or reports are maintained and sold by "consumer reporting agencies" (CRAs). One type of CRA is commonly known as a credit bureau. You have a credit record on file at a credit bureau if you have ever applied for a credit or charge account, a personal loan, insurance, or a job. Your credit record contains information about your income, debts, and credit payment history. It also indicates whether you have been sued, arrested, or have filed for bankruptcy.

On a conventional mortgage, when your down payment is less than 20% of the purchase price of the home mortgage lenders usually require you get Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) to protect them in case you default on your mortgage. Sometimes you may need to pay up to 1-year's worth of PMI premiums at closing which can cost several hundred dollars. The best way to avoid this extra expense is to make a 20% down payment, or ask about other loan program options.

Refinancing is typically a smart move when mortgage rates are at least .375% lower than your current loan rate. Even a small reduction can lower your monthly payments. For example, on a $100,000 loan at 8.5%, your payment (excluding taxes and insurance) would be around $770. If the rate drops to 7.5%, your payment could drop to $700—saving you $70 a month. Your savings will vary depending on your income, budget, loan amount, and changes in interest rates. A trusted mortgage professional can help you calculate the best options for your situation.